This Model of Electrochemical analyzer/workstation is designed for general purpose electrochemical measurements. The figure below shows the block diagram of the instrument. The system contains a fast digital function generator, a direct digital synthesizer for high frequency ac waveforms, high speed dual-channel data acquisition circuitry, a potentiostat, and a galvanostat (available only in select models). The potential control range is ±10 V and the current range is ±250 mA. The instrument is capable of measuring current down to picoamperes. With the CHI200B Picoamp Booster and Faraday Cage, currents at sub-picoamperes can be measured. The instrument is very fast. The function generator can update at a 10 MHz rate. Two high speed and high resolution data acquisition channels allow both current and potential (or an external voltage signal) to be sampled simultaneously at a rate of 1 MHz, with 16-bit resolution. The instrument offers a very wide dynamic range of experimental time scales. For instance, the scan rate in cyclic voltammetry can be up to 1000 V/s with a 0.1 mV potential increment or 5000 V/s with a 1 mV potential increment. The potentiostat / galvanostat uses a 4-electrode configuration, allowing it to be used for liquid/liquid interface measurements, and eliminating the effect of the contact resistance of connectors and relays for high current measurements. The data acquisition systems also allow an external input signal (such as spectroscopic) to be recorded simultaneously during an electrochemical measurement.

Potentiostat

1. Zero resistance ammeter

2. 2- or 3- or 4-electrode configuration

3. Floating (isolated from earth) or earth ground

4. Maximum potential: ±10 V

5. Maximum current: ±250 mA continuous, ±350 mA peak

6. Compliance Voltage: ±13 V

7. Potentiostat rise time: < 1 μs, 0.8 μs typical

8. Applied potential ranges (volts): ±0.01, ±0.05, ±0.1, ±0.65, ±3.276, ±6.553, ±10

9. Applied potential resolution: 0.0015% of potential range

10. Applied potential accuracy: ±1 mV, ±0.01% of scale

11. Applied potential noise: < 10 μV rms

12. Measured current range: ±10 pA to ±0.25 A in 12 ranges

13. Measured current resolution: 0.0015% of current range, minimum 0.3 fA

14. Current measurement accuracy: 0.2% if current range >=1e-6 A/V, 1% otherwise

15. Input bias current: < 20 pA

Galvanostat

1. Galvanostat applied current range: 3 nA - 250 mA

2. Applied current accuracy: 20 pA ±0.2% if > 3e-7A, ±1% otherwise

3. Applied current resolution: 0.03% of applied current range

4. Measured potential range (volts): ±0.025, ±0.1, ±0.25, ±1, ±2.5, ±10

5. Measured potential resolution: 0.0015% of measured range

Electrometer

1. Reference electrode input impedance: 1x10¹² ohm

2. Reference electrode input bandwidth: 10 MHz

3. Reference electrode input bias current: <= 10 pA @ 25°C

Waveform Generation and Data Acquisition

1. Fast waveform update: 10 MHz @ 16-bit

2. Fast data acquisition: dual channel 16-bit ADC, 1,000,000 samples/sec simultaneously

3. External signal recording channel at maximum 1 MHz sampling rate

Experimental Parameters

1. CV and LSV scan rate:  0.000001 to 10,000 V/s

2. Potential increment during scan: 0.1 mV @ 1,000 V/s

3. CA and CC pulse width:  0.0001 to 1000 sec

4. CA and CC minimum sample interval: 1 μs

5. True integrator for CC

6. DPV and NPV pulse width: 0.001 to 10 sec

7. SWV frequency: 1 Hz to 100 kHz

8. i-t sample interval: minimum 1 μs

9. ACV frequency: 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz

10. SHACV frequency: 0.1 Hz to 5 kHz

11. FTACV frequency: 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz, simultaneously acquire 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th harmonics ACV data

12. IMP frequency: 0.00001 Hz to 1 MHz

13. IMP amplitude: 0.00001 V to 0.7 V rms